Compare Somalia (2002) - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2003)

Compare Somalia (2002) z Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2003)

	Somalia (2002)	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2003)

Administrative divisions	18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe, Jubbada Hoose, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe, Shabeellaha Hoose, Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed	none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order
Age structure	0-14 years: 44.7% (male 1,737,491; female 1,730,237) 15-64 years: 52.6% (male 2,054,243; female 2,019,980) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 92,617; female 118,742) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 25% (male 891; female 851) 15-64 years: 64.7% (male 2,306; female 2,210) 65 years and over: 10.3% (male 310; female 408) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	cattle, sheep, goats; bananas, sorghum, corn, coconuts, rice, sugarcane, mangoes, sesame seeds, beans; fish	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports	54 (2001)	2 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 6 over 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 54 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 30 under 914 m: 3 (2002)	-
Area	total: 637,657 sq km land: 627,337 sq km water: 10,320 sq km	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Texas	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The SIAD BARRE regime was ousted in January 1991; turmoil, factional fighting, and anarchy have followed for eleven years. In May of 1991, northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland that now includes the administrative regions of Awdal, Woqooyi Galbeed, Togdheer, Sanaag, and Sool. Although not recognized by any government, this entity has maintained a stable existence, aided by the overwhelming dominance of a ruling clan and economic infrastructure left behind by British, Russian, and American military assistance programs. The regions of Bari and Nugaal comprise a neighboring self-declared autonomous state of Puntland, which has been self-governing since 1998, but does not aim at independence; it has also made strides towards reconstructing legitimate, representative government. Puntland also claims Sool and eastern Sanaag. Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but when the UN withdrew in 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order still had not been restored. A Transitional National Government (TNG) was created in August 2000 in Arta, Djibouti which was attended by a broad representation of Somali clans. The TNG has a three-year mandate to create a permanent national Somali government. The TNG does not recognize Somaliland as an independent republic but so far has been unable to reunite either Somaliland or Puntland with the unstable regions in the south. Numerous warlords and factions are still fighting for control of Mogadishu and the other southern regions. Suspicion of Somali links with global terrorism complicate the picture.	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
Birth rate	46.83 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	14.62 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million (1996 est.)
Capital	Mogadishu	Saint-Pierre
Climate	principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Coastline	3,025 km	120 km
Constitution	25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 note: the Transitional National Government formed in August 2000 has a mandate to create a new constitution and hold elections within three years	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Somalia former: Somali Republic, Somali Democratic Republic	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Currency	Somali shilling (SOS)	euro (EUR)
Death rate	17.99 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	6.74 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$2.6 billion (2000 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	self-governing territorial collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Somalia; US interests are represented by the US Embassy in Nairobi at Mombasa Road; mail address: P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi; APO AE 09831; telephone: [254] (2) 537800; FAX [254] (2) 537810	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	Somalia does not have an embassy in the US (ceased operations on 8 May 1991); note - the TNG and other factions have representatives in Washington	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Disputes - international	most of the southern half of the boundary with Ethiopia is a provisional administrative line; in the Ogaden, regional states have established a variety of conflicting relationships with the Transitional National Government in Mogadishu, feuding factions in Puntland region, and the economically stabile break-away "Somaliland" region; Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while politically supporting Somali Transitional National Government in Mogadishu; arms smuggling and Oromo rebel activities prompt strict border regime with Kenya	none
Economic aid - recipient	$60 million (1999 est.)	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Economy - overview	One of the world's poorest and least developed countries, Somalia has few resources and is prone to drought. Moreover, much of the economy has been devastated by civil war since 1991. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings. Nomads and semi-nomads, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. Livestock, hides, charcoal, and bananas are Somalia's principal exports, while sugar, sorghum, corn, fish, qat, and machined goods are the principal imports. Somalia's small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, has largely been looted and sold as scrap metal. Despite the seeming anarchy, Somalia's service sector has managed to survive and grow. Telecommunication firms provide wireless services in most major cities and offer the lowest international call rates on the continent. In the absence of a formal banking sector, money exchange services have sprouted throughout the country, handling between $200 million and $500 million in remittances annually. Mogadishu's main market offers a variety of goods from food to the newest electronic gadgets. Hotels continue to operate, and security is provided by militias. Ongoing civil disturbances and clan rivalries, however, have interfered with any broad-based economic development and international aid arrangements. The failure of spring rains caused major food shortages in the south in 2001. Economic data is scare and prone to a wide margin of error.	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.
Electricity - consumption	232.5 million kWh (2000)	39.08 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	250 million kWh (2000)	42.03 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Shimbiris 2,416 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Environment - current issues	famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Environment - international agreements	party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban	-
Ethnic groups	Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs 30,000)	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Exchange rates	Somali shillings per US dollar - 11,000 (November 2000), 2,620 (January 1999), 7,500 (November 1997 est.), 7,000 (January 1996 est.), 5,000 (1 January 1995) note: the Republic of Somaliland, a self-declared independent country not recognized by any foreign government, issues its own currency, the Somaliland shilling	euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.0626 (2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: ABDIKASSIM Salad Hassan (since 26 August 2000); note - Interim President ABDIKASSIM was chosen for a three-year term by a 245-member National Assembly serving as a transitional government; the present political situation is still unstable, particularly in the south, with interclan fighting and random banditry head of government: Prime Minister HASSAN Abshir Farah (since 12 November 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and sworn in on 20 October 2000; as of 1 January 2002, the Cabinet was in caretaker status following a no-confidence vote in October 2001 that ousted HASSAN's predecessor election results: ABDIKASSIM Salad Hassan was elected president of an interim government at the Djibouti-sponsored Arta Peace Conference on 26 August 2000 by a broad representation of Somali clans that comprised a transitional National Assembly	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
Exports	$186 million f.o.b. (1999 est.)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal (1999)	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Exports - partners	Saudi Arabia 29%, UAE 29%, Yemen 28% (calculated through partners) (2000)	US 33.3%, Zambia 30.3%, Ecuador 16.2%, France 5.1%, Canada 4%, Spain 4% (2002)
Fiscal year	NA	calendar year
Flag description	light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; blue field influenced by the flag of the UN	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions
GDP	purchasing power parity - $4.1 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $74 million - supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 65% industry: 10% services: 25% (2000 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $550 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3% (2001 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	10 00 N, 49 00 E	46 50 N, 56 20 W
Geography - note	strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal	vegetation scanty
Government - note	An interim Transitional National Government - with a president, prime minister, and 245-member National Assembly - was established in Mogadishu in October 2000. However, other governing bodies continue to exist and control various cities and regions of the country, including Somaliland, Puntland, and traditional clan and faction strongholds.	-
Highways	total: 22,100 km paved: 2,608 km unpaved: 19,492 km (1996)	total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$314 million f.o.b. (1999 est.)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials, qat (1995)	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Imports - partners	Djibouti 27%, Kenya 12%, India 9% (2000)	Zambia 61.5%, France 21.8%, Canada 13% (2002)
Independence	1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, petroleum refining (mostly shut down), wireless communication	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Infant mortality rate	122.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 7.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.15 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	over 100% (businesses print their own money) (2000 est.)	2.1% (1991-96 average)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)	FZ, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	3 (one each in Boosaaso, Hargeisa, and Mogadishu) (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	2,000 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	following the breakdown of national government, most regions have reverted to Islamic (Shari'a) law with a provision for appeal of all sentences	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force	3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers) (1993 est.)	3,261 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture (mostly pastoral nomadism) 71%, industry and services 29%	fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 2,340 km border countries: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 1.66% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 98.3% (1998 est.)	arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (1998 est.)
Languages	Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English	French (official)
Legal system	no national system; Shari'a and secular courts are in some localities	French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation
Legislative branch	unicameral People's Assembly or Golaha Shacbiga note: fledgling parliament; a transitional 245-member National Assembly began to meet on 13 August 2000 in the town of Arta, Djibouti and is now based in Mogadishu	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 46.96 years male: 45.33 years female: 48.65 years (2002 est.)	total population: 78.11 years male: 75.82 years female: 80.51 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 37.8% male: 49.7% female: 25.8% (2001 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)
Location	Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Map references	Africa	North America
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 200 NM	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	A Somali National Army is being reformed under the interim government; numerous factions and clans maintain independent militias, and the Somaliland and Puntland regional governments maintain their own security and police forces	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$15.3 million (FY01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.9% (FY01)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,881,634 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,040,662 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Foundation of the Somali Republic, 1 July (1960); note - 26 June (1960) in Somaliland	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Somali(s) adjective: Somali	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
Natural hazards	recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves	fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate	5.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-4.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	crude oil 15 km	-
Political parties and leaders	none	PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP) [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	numerous clan and subclan factions are currently vying for power	NA
Population	7,753,310 note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2002 est.)	6,976 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	3.46% (2002 est.)	0.3% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Boosaaso, Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu	Saint Pierre
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 1, shortwave 5 (2001)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	470,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	0 km
Religions	Sunni Muslim	Roman Catholic 99%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: the public telecommunications system was almost completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions; private wireless companies offer service in most major cities and charge the lowest international rates on the continent domestic: local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu and in several other population centers international: international connections are available from Mogadishu by satellite (2001)	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
Telephones - main lines in use	15,000 (2000)	4,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	0 (1994)
Television broadcast stations	3 note: two in Mogadishu; one in Hargeisa (2001)	0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Terrain	mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north	mostly barren rock
Total fertility rate	7.05 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2.07 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	9.8% (1997)
Waterways	none	none

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